Skip to content

Glossary Terms

Ruellia occidentalis, Ruellia strictopaniculata, Ruellia tuberosa var. occidentalis, Western Wild Petunia, uellia nudiflora var. occidentalis

Acanthaceae (Acanthus Family)

Acanthaceae is a family (the acanthus family) of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species.

Beaked yucca, Thompson Yucca, Thompson's Yucca, Thompson's yucca, Yucca thompsoniana Trel.

Agavaceae (Century-Plant Family)

Agavaceae is a family of plants that grow in dry, hot climates. Some grow in the desert. Well-known plants of this family are the agave, yucca, and Joshua tree.

Focus Stacking, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Texas Wildflowers

American Basket Flower

The American basket flower is a 1 1/2-5 ft. annual with a stout, leafy, much-branched stem and lavender-pink, filamentous flower heads with cream-colored centers.

Apache Plume, Fallugia paradoxa, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Ponil

Apache Plume

Apache Plume is one of our showiest native western shrubs. The plant blooms with single white flowers that set fluffy pink seed heads.

Aperture

Aperture is the unit of measurement that defines the size of the opening in the lens that can be adjusted to control the amount of light reaching the film or digital sensor.

Aperture Priority

Aperture Priority is a setting that allows the user to select a static aperture and the camera automatically selects the shutter speed to achieve the proper exposure.

Double-banded Bycid, LBJ Wildflower Center, Rattlesnake-weed, Sphaenothecus bivittata Dupont - Sphaenothecus bivittatus

Apiaceae (Carrot Family)

Apiaceae is a family of aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium and commonly known as the celery, carrot or parsley family.

Big Bend National Park, Focus Stacking, Grapevine Hills Trail, Texas Wildflowers

Asteraceae (Aster Family)

The Asteraceae family consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales.

Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Texas Wildflowers

Autumn Sage

Autumn sage is a soft, mounding shrub normally 2-3 ft. tall, with small, mintily aromatic green leaves that are evergreen in warmer climates.

Baby Blue Eyes, Mayfield Nature Preserve, Menzies baby blue eyes, Nemophila menziesii, Nemophila menziesii Hook & Arn

Baby Blue Eyes

Baby Blue Eyes is a small, trailing annual, 6 in. tall and 1 ft. wide, Menzies baby-blue-eyes is well-known for its bright-blue, five-petaled, bowl-shaped flowers with white centers.

Big Bend National Park, Focus Stacking, Grapevine Hills Trail, Texas Wildflowers

Bicolor Fanmustard

The Bicolor Fanmustard is a grayish, hairy plant with clumps of leafy branched stems and racemes of white or lavender flowers.

Big Bend National Park, Focus Stacking, Grapevine Hills Trail, Texas Wildflowers

Big Bend Bluebonnet

The Big Bend Bluebonnet grows taller than most bluebonnets. The flowers of this annual are very deep blue with a lemon blotch.

Big-fruit Evening-primrose, Bigfruit Evening-primrose, Fluttermill, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Missouri Evening-primrose, Missouri Primrose, Oenothera macrocarpa, Texas Wildflowers

Bigfruit Evening-primrose

The Bigfruit Evening Primrose can be trailing or upright, usually growing 8-10 in. high. Its large, 3-4 in. wide, yellow flowers are showy.

Aster, Asteraceae, Bitterweed, Four-nerve daisy, Hymenoxys, Pedernales Falls State Park, Stemmy four-nerve daisy, Tetraneuris scaposa var. scaposa

Bitterweed

Bitterweed or Four-nerve Daisy is a low, upright, silvery perennial to1 ft.. The solitary flower heads occur at the end of silky, leafless stalks.

Blackfoot Daisy, Flowers, Focus Stacking, Melampodium Leucanthum, Texas Wildflowers

Blackfoot Daisy

Blackfoot Daisy is a low, bushy, mounded perennial, 6-12 in. tall and twice as wide. Its leaves are narrow and have 1 in. wide, white, daisy-like flowers.

Bokeh

In photography, bokeh, is the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in the out-of-focus parts of an image produced by a lens.

Bracketing

The camera normally determines the optimal exposure. There are times where it is advantageous to capture images that are slightly under and over exposed. This is called bracketing.

Big Bend National Park, Focus Stacking, Grapevine Hills Trail, Texas Wildflowers

Brassicaceae (Mustard Family)

Brassicaceae is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, crucifers, or cabbage family.

Focus Stacking, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Texas Wildflowers

Brown-Eyed Susan

The Brown-Eyed Susan is a cheerful, widespread wildflower. Its bright-yellow, 2-3 in. wide, daisy-like flowers with dark centers are its claim to fame.

Brown-spined Prickly Pear, Brown-spined prickly pear, Brownspine prickly pear cactus, Desert prickly pear, New mexico prickly pear, Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm., Purple-fruited prickly pear, Tulip prickly pear

Brown-Spined Prickly Pear

This brown-spined prickly pear cactus forms dense thickets 8 ft. across and up to 8 ft. tall. Common to abundant in abandoned pastures and old fields on stony soil

Brushland Shrubverbena, Lantana Macropoda, Mexican marjoram, Veinyleaf lantana

Brushland Shrubverbena

The Brushland Shrubverbena is a member of the verbena family, which includes about 75 genera and 3,000 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees.

Big Bend National Park, Butterweed, Focus Stacking, Grapevine Hills Trail, Texas Wildflowers

Butterweed

Butterweed s a somewhat weedy perennial which is valued for its ability to thrive in moist shady locations and produce a long and profuse spring bloom.

Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center

Buttonbush

Buttonbush is a handsome ornamental suited to wet soils and is also a honey plant. Ducks and other water birds and shorebirds consume the seeds.

Rainbow Cactus, Texas Wildflowers

Cactus (Cactaceae)

A cactus is a member of the plant family Cactaceae, a family comprising about 127 genera with some 1750 known species of the order Caryophyllales.

Canon EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM Lens

The Canon EF 100/2.8L Macro USM lens is the second longest macro lens made by Canon in the EF mount and is one of only two Canon macro lenses that are part of the L series.

Canon EF 16 35mm f/2.8L

Canon EF 16-35mm f/2.8L IS USM Lens

The EF 16-35mm f/2.8L USM from Canon is a workhorse wide-angle zoom and a member of the well-regarded L series of lenses.

Canon EF 16 35mm F 4L IS USM Lens

Canon EF 16-35mm f/4L IS USM Lens

The Canon EF 16–35mm lens is a family of professional wide-angle lenses made by Canon. The lens has an EF mount to work with the EOS line of cameras.

Canon EF 180mm F 3.5L Macro USM

Canon EF 180mm f/3.5L Macro USM

The Canon EF 180/3.5L Macro USM lens is the longest macro lens made by Canon and is one of only two Canon macro lenses that are part of the L series.

Canon EF 24 105mm F 4L IS USM

Canon EF 24-105mm f/4L IS USM Lens

The EF 24–105mm f/4.0L IS USM is an EF mount wide-to-telephoto zoom lens. It was introduced by Canon in 2005.

Canon EF 24-70mm f/2.8L II USM Lens

Canon EF 24-70mm f/2.8L II USM Lens

This redesigned Canon EF 24-70mm f/2.8L II USM Lens from Canon ups the ante for optical performance for a professional standard zoom lens.

Canon EF 28 70mm F 2.8L USM Lens

Canon EF 28-70mm f/2.8L USM Lens

The EF 28–70mm f/2.8L USM is an EF mount wide-to-telephoto zoom lens. It was introduced by Canon in 1993 to complement the a wide-range of professional lenses.

Canon EF 70-200mm f/2.8L USM Lens

The Canon EF 70-200mm f/2.8L USM Lens is a telephoto zoom lens made by Canon Inc. The lens has an EF mount to work with the EOS line of cameras.

Canon EOS 10D

The Canon EOS 10D is a discontinued 6.3-megapixel semi-professional digital SLR camera, initially announced on 27 February 2003. It replaced the EOS D60, which is also a 6.3-megapixel digital SLR camera

Canon EOS 5D Mark II

The Canon EOS 5D Mark II is a professional full-frame digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera made by Canon. It has a 21.1 megapixel CMOS image sensor.

Canon EOS 5D Mark III

The Canon EOS 5D Mark III is a professional full-frame digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera made by Canon. It has a 22.3 megapixel CMOS image sensor.

Canon EOS 5D Mark IV

Continuing on in their legacy of powerful workhorse cameras, the Canon EOS 5D Mark IV is an outstanding still photographer’s and 4K videographer’s dream.

Canon EOS 5DS

The Canon EOS 5Ds is a professional full-frame digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera made by Canon. It has a 50.6 megapixel CMOS image sensor.

Canon EOS 6D Mark II

Making high-performance full-frame imaging more accessible, the 6D Mark II makes numerous advancements over its predecessor to improve upon every aspect of image capture and creation.

Canon EOS 7D Mark II

Designed with a penchant for speed, the EOS 7D Mark II DSLR Camera from Canon is characterized by its APS-C-sized 20.2MP CMOS sensor.

Canon EOS A2E SLR

The Canon EOS A2E is a semi-professional autofocus, autoexposure 35mm SLR film camera. It was sold from 1992 onwards, and replaced in 1998 by the EOS 3.

Canon MP E 65mm F2.8 1–5x Macro

Canon MP-E 65mm f/2.8 1–5x Macro

The MP-E 65mm Macro f/2.8 is a photographic lens that was released in September 1999 and is manufactured by Canon for use on the EOS photographic system.

Canon MT 24EX Macro Twin Lite Flash

Canon MT-24EX Macro Twin Lite Flash

The MT-24EX is a twin-flash set-up (similar to a ringflash) for the EOS system that has every feature and capability imaginable.

Cedar Sage, Salvia roemeriana, Salvia roemeriana Scheele, Texas Wildflowers

Cedar Sage

Cedar Sage is a red-flowered, hirsute, perennial salvia that grows from 1 to 2 feet tall, with rounded, scalloped leaves.

Celestial Lilly, Celestials, Nemastylis Geminiflora

Celestial Lily

The sky-blue flowers open in the late morning and curl up before 3 in the afternoon, even on overcast days.

Big Bend National Park, Chihuahuan Flax, Flowers, Linum vernale

Chihuahuan Flax

A slender, erect plant with yellow-orange, bowl-shaped flowers, each with a maroon center. This species is common in parts of the Chihuahuan Desert.

Argemone aurantiaca G.B. Ownbey
Texas pricklypoppy, Texas pricklypoppy

Chisos Pricklypoppy

The Chisos pricklypoppy is a wonderful flower with paper-like white blooms and a very thorny demeanor. It blooms during the spring months.

Berlandiera lyrata, Chocolate Flower, Chocolate daisy, Chocolate flower, Green-eyed lyre leaf, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Lyreleaf greeneyes, Texas Wildflowers

Chocolate Flower

The Chocolate Flower smells like chocolate! On warm days it will fill the air with the fragrance of chocolate.

Chromatic Aberration

Also known as “color fringing,” this distortion appears when the camera lens fails to focus on all the colors where two points of high contrast meet.

Big Bend National Park

Claret Cup Cactus

One of the most attractive hedgehog cacti is the claret cup, which grows in clumps as much as 3–4 feet across but usually smaller.

McKinney Falls State Park

Commelinaceae (Spiderwort Family)

Commelinaceae is a family of flowering plants. In less formal contexts, the group is referred to as the dayflower family or spiderwort family.

Convolvulus equitans, Convolvulus hermannioides, Convolvulus simulans, St. Edwards Park, Texas Bindweed

Convolvulaceae (Morning Glory Family)

Convolvulaceae, commonly called bindweeds or morning glories, is a family of about 60 genera and more than 1,650 species.

Creosote Bush, Creosote bush, Governadora, Greasewood, Guamis, Hediondilla, Larrea tridentata

Creosote Bush

Creosote-bush is a 3-5 ft., evergreen shrub which can reach 10 ft. and has numerous flexible stems usually arising from the base at an angle.

Depth of Field

Depth of field refers to the part of the image, from foreground to background, that is in focus.

Big Bend National Park, Focus Stacking, Grapevine Hills Trail, Texas Wildflowers

Desert Marigold

Desert marigold is a 12-18 in., mound-shaped biennial. Its daisy-like flowers form impressive mounds of nearly solid yellow.

Coulter hibiscus, Desert Rosemallow, Desert rose-mallow, Desert rosemallow, Hibiscus coulteri, Hibiscus coulteri var. brevipedunculatus

Desert Rosemallow

Desert Rosemallow is a handsome ornamental, grown for its showy flowers. It’s large, yellow, cup-shaped flowers, sometimes tinged with red or purple at the base.

Bee, Brauneria purpurea, ECPU, Eastern purple coneflower, Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea purpurea var. arkansana, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Purple coneflower, Rudbeckia purpurea, Texas Wildflowers

Eastern Purple Coneflower

The Eastern Purple Coneflower is a perennial with smooth, 2-5 ft. stems and long-lasting, lavender flowers. The leaves become small at the top.

Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Texas Wildflowers

Eastern Red Columbine

The Eastern Red Columbine has showy, drooping, bell-like flowers equipped with distinctly backward-pointing tubes, similar to the garden Columbines.

Big Bend State Park, Cactus Flowers, Contrabando Trail

Engelmann’s Prickly Pear Cactus

This is perhaps the most abundant prickly pear in West Texas, and one of the most attractive. It produces masses of yellow to orange flowers,

Eryngium leavenworthii, Eryngo, False purple thistle, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Leavenworth's eryngo

Eryngo

Leavenworth’s eryngo is a prickly, 20-40 in. annual with a leafy stem, broadly branched in the upper portion. Almost the entire plant has some shade of purple.

Euphorbiaceae (Spurge Family)

Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. Most spurges, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees.

Exposure Compensation

Exposure compensation is a technique for adjusting the exposure indicated by a photographic exposure meter.

Exposure Value

The exposure value (EV) is a number that represents a combination of a camera’s shutter speed and aperture, such that all combinations that yield the same exposure have the same EV value.

F-Stop

A diaphragm inside the camera lens, known as the aperture, can be opened or nearly closed, to regulate the amount of light that falls on the image sensor.

Big Bend National Park, Focus Stacking, Grapevine Hills Trail, Texas Wildflowers

Fabaceae (Pea Family)

The Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume, pea, or bean family, are a large and agriculturally important family of flowering plants.

McKinney Falls State Park

False Dayflower

The False Dayflower is an erect annual native to central Texas with flowers made up of two large lavender-blue petals and one small white petal.

Dalea formosa, Feather Dalea, Feather dalea, Featherplume, Focus Stacking, Texas Wildflowers

Feather Dalea

One of many shrubby species of Dalea, this Feather Dalea, with its dark bark, contorted branches, and small leaves–is an excellent candidate for bonsai.

File Types

There are five primary file types in digital photography. The most common file type is JPEG.

Film Speed

Film speed is the measure of a photographic film’s sensitivity to light.

Common Dogweed, Five-needle Fetid Marigold, Fiveneedle pricklyleaf, Parralena, Thymophylla pentachaeta

Fiveneedle Pricklyleaf

The Fiveneedle Pricklyleaf is a low, tufted, dark green, prickly plant with 1 small, deep yellow flower head on each of several leafless stalks above the foliage.

Focal Length

Focal length is an optical measurement that determines how much of what you see in front of you is captured by your camera’s lens.

Focus Stacking

Focus stacking is a digital image processing technique which combines multiple images taken at different focus distances to give a resulting image with a greater DOF.

Candlewood, Devil's walking stick, Fouquieria splendens Engelm., Fouquieria splendens ssp. splendens, Fouquieriaceae, Ocotillo

Fouquieriaceae (Ocotillo Family)

Fouquieria is a genus of 11 species of desert plants, the sole genus in the family Fouquieriaceae. The genus includes the ocotillo and the Boojum tree or cirio.

Erodium texanum A. Gray, Mayfield Nature Preserve, Stork's Bill, Texas stork's bill

Geraniaceae (Geranium Family)

Geraniaceae is a family of flowering plants placed in the order Geraniales. The family name is derived from the genus Geranium.

Giant Spiderwort, Giant spiderwort, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Texas Wildflowers, Tradescantia gigantea Rose

Giant spiderwort

Named after John Tradescant (1608-1662) who served as gardener to Charles 1 of England. Tradescantia species will hybridize in just about any combination.

GigaPan EPIC Pro

The GigaPan EPIC Pro is a device used to capture phenomenal depth and clarity in multi-gigapixel panoramas.

Ernst Tinaja, Gray Golden-Aster, Heterotheca Canescens, Texas Wildflowers

Gray Golden Aster

The Gray Golden Aster is a North American species of flowering plant. It has been found in Northern Mexico and in the Great Plains of the central US.

Gray's feverfew, Parthenium confertum, Parthenium confertum var. confertum, Parthenium confertum var. divaricatum, Parthenium confertum var. intermedium, Parthenium confertum var. lyratum, Parthenium confertum var. microcephalum, Parthenium hysterophorus var. lyratum, Parthenium lyratum

Gray’s Feverfew

Gray’s Feverfew is an annual plant that grows in the desert southwest. It produces tiny flowers accentuated by five tiny petals which form a pentagon.

Greenthread, McKinney Falls State Park, THFI, Thelesperma filifolium

Greenthread

Greenthread is a winter annual, and is often found growing in colonies. Its slender, branched stems, 10-30 in. tall, bear leaves divided into thread-like segments.

Conoclinium dissectum, Conoclinium greggii, Eupatorium greggii, Gregg's Mistflower, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Palm-leaf mistflower, Palm-leaf thoroughwort, Palmleaf thoroughwort, Purple palmleaf eupatorium, Purple palmleaf mistflower

Gregg’s Mistflower

Gregg’s Mistflower is a spectacular addition to the late summer/fall border. This butterfly magnet will attract large numbers of Queens and Monarchs.

Big Bend National Park, Havard's fiddleleaf, Nama havardii, Sierra Del Chino

Havard’s Fiddleleaf

The Havard’s Fiddleleaf is one of the less common members of this genus, found only in four counties of west Texas (Presidio, Brewster, Terrell, Val Verde).

HDR

High-dynamic-range imaging (HDRI or HDR) is a set of techniques used in imaging and photography to reproduce a greater dynamic range of luminosity than is possible with standard digital imaging or photographic techniques.

Heartleaf Hibiscus, Heartleaf rosemallow, Hibiscus cardiophyllus, LBJ Wildflower Center. Red Flower, Tulipan del Monte

Heartleaf Hibiscus

The Heartleaf Hibiscus has spectacular flowers two and three inches across. It is a wonderful, small, drought-tolerant hibiscus from South Texas.

Focus Stacking, Hill Country penstemon, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center

Hill Country Penstemon

The Hill Country Penstemon is 1 1/2-2 ft. tall. Its brilliant red flowers, 2 in. long, are among the most showy of the genus.

Histogram

In photography, a histogram is a type of chart that acts as a graphical representation of the tonal distribution in a digital image.

Holga 120S

The Holga is a medium format 120 film camera, made in Hong Kong, known for its low-fidelity aesthetic.

Firewheel, Gaillardia pulchella, Gaillardia pulchella Foug., Indian Blanket

Indian Blanket

Indian blanket is a popular annual growing 1-2 ft. tall and showy flower heads with rays red at the base, tipped with yellow, each with 3 teeth at the end.

Celestial Lilly, Celestials, Nemastylis Geminiflora

Iridaceae (Iris Family)

Iridaceae is a family of plants in the order Asparagales, taking its name from the irises, meaning rainbow, referring to its many colors.

IRIX 15mm f/2.4 Blackstone Lens

IRIX 15mm f/2.4 Blackstone Lens

Offering a wide-angle perspective, and characterized by its premium exterior build, the 15mm f/2.4 Blackstone Lens from Irix is a sophisticated prime lens

ISO

For ISO see Film Speed.

Angel Trumpet, Datura wrightii, Jimsonweed, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Sacred Thorn Apple, Sacred datura, Thorn apple

Jimsonweed

Jimsonweed is a branching forb that blooms large, white, fragrant, trumpet-like flowers from evening through the morning.

Kirk FR-2 Focusing Rail

The Kirk FR-2 Focusing Rail is a precise focusing stage designed to permit fine tuning of camera-to-subject positioning in order to achieve exacting focus.

Kirk LRP-1 Long Rail

Kirk LRP-1 Long Rail

The 6.5″ Kirk LRP-1 Long Rail Quick Release Plate provides a sliding long plate solution to any head equipped with an Arca-type quick release clamp.

Focus Stacking, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Mealy Blue Sage, Salvia Farinacea

Lamiaceae (Mint Family)

The Lamiaceae or Labiatae are a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint, deadnettle or sage family.

Laowa 15mm f/4 Macro Lens

Laowa 15mm f/4 Wide Angle 1:1 Macro Lens

The new Laowa 15mm f/4 1:1 Macro lens is the first lens in the market which posseses a ultra wide angle of view and 1:1 Macro ability.

Lee Filter System

Lee Filters is a manufacturer of color filters and color gels for the entertainment lighting, film and photography industries.

Rain Lilly

Liliaceae (Lily Family)

The lily family, Liliaceae, consists of about 15 genera and 610 species of flowering plants within the order Liliales.

Big Bend National Park, Chihuahuan Flax, Flowers, Linum vernale

Linaceae (Flax Family)

The Linaceae family includes about 250 species in 14 genera, classified into two subfamilies: the Linoideae and Hugonioideae.

Blazingstar, Eucnide bartonioides Zucc.
Rock-nettle, Loasaceae, Yellow Rocknettle, Yellow rocknettle, Yellow stingbush

Loasaceae (Blazingstar Family)

Loasaceae is a family of 15–20 genera and about 200–260 species of flowering plants in the order Cornales, native to the Americas and Africa.

Big Bend National Park, Cattail Falls Trail

Longspur Columbine

The Longspur Columbine is native to moist canyons from southern Arizona, south into mountains of adjacent northern Mexico.

Rock Rose

Malvaceae (Mallow Family)

Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species.

Mamiya 7 II

The Mamiya 7 II is a medium format 6x7cm rangefinder camera with interchangeable leaf shutter lenses. It is “The Ultimate 6×7 Rangefinder”.

Walnut Creek Park

Maximilian Sunflower

A native prairie perennial, the Maximilian Sunflower is a desirable range plant. A heavy crop of seeds is produced, thus it is a valuable plant for wildlife.

Focus Stacking, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Mealy Blue Sage, Salvia Farinacea

Mealy Blue Sage

Mealy Blue Sage is a 2-3 ft. upright or sprawling perennial, that usually forms a mound as wide as the plant is tall and is named for the mealy-white appearance of the sepals.

Lepachys columnaris, Lepachys columnifera, Long-headed coneflower, Mexican Hat, Mexican hat, Prairie coneflower, Ratibida columnaris, Ratibida columnaris var. pulcherrima, Red-spike mexican-hat, Rudbeckia columnaris, Rudbeckia columnifera, Thimbleflower, Upright prairie coneflower

Mexican Hat

The Mexican Hat has long leafless stalks bearing flower heads of 3-7 yellow or yellow and red-brown, drooping rays surrounding a long, red-brown central disk.

Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Ludwigia octovalvis, Mexican Primrose Willow, Mexican primrose-willow, Narrow-leaf Water Primrose, Seedbox

Mexican Primrose Willow

The Mexican Primrose Willow is a rather weedy perennial or subshrub of sunny areas with wet soils. Plants in full flower are colorful and showy.

Mirror Lock-Up

Mirror lock-up (MLU) is a feature employed in many Single Lens Reflex (SLR) and DSLR cameras. It allows the operator to reduce vibration-induced motion blur during exposure.

Big Bend National Park, Hosackia puberula var. nana, Lotus longebracteatus, Lotus neomexicanus, Lotus oroboides, Lotus oroboides var. nanus, Lotus oroboides var. nummularius, Lotus plebeius, Lotus plebeius (Brandegee) Barneby, Lotus ×nummularius, New Mexico Bird's-Foot Trefoil, New Mexico bird's-foot trefoil, Pine deervetch

New Mexico Bird’s-Foot Trefoil

An inconspicuous ground-hugging plant, the New Mexico Bird’s-Foot Trefoil is about 1 foot across and has masses of 1/2-inch bright yellow flowers.

Novoflex Auto Bellows for Canon EOS

Novoflex Auto Bellows for Canon EOS

The Novoflex Auto Bellows for Canon EOS was designed for the use with Canon EOS cameras and lenses and transfers data to the camera from the lens.

Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center

Nymphaeaceae (Water-Lily Family)

Nymphaeaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly called water lilies. They live as rhizomatous aquatic herbs in temperate and tropical climates around the world.

Ocotillo

Ocotillo is a spiny shrub to 20 ft. with many long, whip-like, unbranched green stems growing from the base.

Aster, Asteraceae, Big Bend National Park, Hymenopappus corymbosus, Hymenopappus scabiosaeus var. corymbosus, Old Plainsman

Old Plainsman

Old Plainsman is a biennial herb up to 150 cm (5 feet) tall. It produces 20-100 flower heads per stem, each head with 20-80 white disc flowers but no ray flowers.

Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Ludwigia octovalvis, Mexican Primrose Willow, Mexican primrose-willow, Narrow-leaf Water Primrose, Seedbox

Onagraceae (Evening Primrose Family)

The Onagraceae are a family of flowering plants known as the willowherb family or evening primrose family. They include about 650 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees.

Argemone aurantiaca G.B. Ownbey
Texas pricklypoppy, Texas pricklypoppy

Papaveraceae (Poppy Family)

The Papaveraceae are an economically important family of about 42 genera and approximately 775 known species of flowering plants.

Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center

Pink Evening Primrose

As the common name implies, most evening primrose species open their flowers in the evening, closing them again early each morning.

Agalinis heterophylla, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Prairie False-Foxglove, Prairie agalinis

Prairie False-Foxglove

The Prairie False-Foxglove is an excellent plant for attracting butterflies found in prairies, plains, grasslands, open fields, rocky soils or in woodlands.

Aster, Asteraceae, Big Bend National Park, Hymenopappus corymbosus, Hymenopappus scabiosaeus var. corymbosus, Old Plainsman

Prairie Fleabane

The Prairie Fleabane is a short-lived perennial with numerous white, aster-like flowers which nod under the weight of the unopened, pink flower buds.

Horsemint, Lemon horsemint, Lemon mint, Monarda citriodora, Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag.
Lemon beebalm, Plains horsemint, Purple Horsemint, Purple horsemint, Purple lemon mint

Purple Horsemint

Purple Horsemint is an aromatic winter annual with tuft-like, lavender to pink, whorled flower heads. Each whorl is subtended by whitish or lavender, leaf-like bracts.

Rain Lilly

Rain Lily

in lilies pop up and bloom two or three days after good rains in the spring and early summer. They begin to open slowly about dusk and are fully opened the next morning.

Rainbow Cactus

The Rainbow Cactus is a low, cylindrical cactus girdled by bands of colorful spines with pink, rose, lavender, or yellow flowers.

Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Texas Wildflowers

Ranunculaceae (Buttercup Family)

Ranunculaceae is a family of over 2,000 known species of flowering plants in 43 genera, distributed worldwide.

Rock Rose

Rock Rose plants are found in shallow soil on limestone, in rocky places in woodlands, and at the edges of thickets. The flowers are showy, rose-colored.

Rokinon 14mm f/2.8 IF ED UMC

Rokinon 14mm f/2.8 IF ED UMC

The Rokinon 14mm f/2.8 IF ED UMC lens has a 115° field of view and includes a special chip that allows the lens to work with some of the camera’s settings.

Rokinon 85m f1.4

Rokinon 85mm f/1.4 AS IF UMC Lens

The Rokinon 85mm f/1.4 Lens for Sony E Mount from Rokinon is a manual focus, manual aperture, telephoto prime lens compatible with full frame and APS-C format Sony NEX mirrorless digital cameras.

Apache Plume, Fallugia paradoxa, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Ponil

Rosaceae (Rose Family)

Rosaceae, the rose family, is a medium-sized family of flowering plants that includes 4,828 known species in 91 genera.

Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center

Rubiaceae (Madder Family)

The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family.

Brownspine hedgehog cactus, Echinocereus russanthus, Rusty Hedgehog Cactus, Rusty hedgehog cactus

Rusty Hedgehog Cactus

The Rusty Hedgehog Cactus is heavily covered with a mass of slender, interlocking, bristle-like spines radiating in all directions.

Hooker palafoxia, Hooker's palafoxia, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Palafoxia hookeriana, Sand Palafox, Sand palafox, Sand palafoxia

Sand Palafox

The Sand Palafox grows 16–40 inches tall, its leaves are 4 inches long and the flower heads have 8–12 rose-colored ray flowers,

Castilleja indivisa, Entireleaf Indian Paintbrush, Indian Paintbrush, LBJ Wildflower Center, Scarlet Paintbrush, Texas Indian Paintbrush, Texas Paintbrush

Scrophulariaceae (Figwort Family)

The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family. The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs.

Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center

Seashore Mallow

Seashore Mallow is found in marshes along the eastern seashore of the US. It has pink flowers with 5 petals surrounding a tube of fused stamens and style.

Shutter Speed

Shutter speed is one of several methods used to control the amount of light recorded by the camera’s digital sensor or film.

Pedernales Falls State Park

Silver Puff

The Silver Puff, is a North American species of plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to Mexico, Texas, and New Mexico.

Soaptree Yucca, Yucca elata

Soaptree Yucca

The Soaptree Yucca is a 5-20 ft., tree-like yucca with fine, arching, gray-green to blue-green leaves with white margins.

Angel Trumpet, Datura wrightii, Jimsonweed, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Sacred Thorn Apple, Sacred datura, Thorn apple

Solanaceae (Potato Family)

The Solanaceae, or the nightshades, are a family of flowering plants that range from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees.

Sony Alpha a7

Sony Alpha a7

The Sony Alpha a7 incorporates a full-frame Exmor CMOS sensor into an E-mount body thus providing a full-frame sensor in a compact body.

Sony A7 II

Sony Alpha a7 II

The Sony A7 II is one of my favorite camera bodies. It is a new line of mirrorless cameras made by Sony and it includes a 35 mm full-frame 24.3-megapixel Exmor™ CMOS sensor.

Sony A7 IV

Sony Alpha a7 IV

The Sony A7RIV is a lightweight, 33MP, full-frame CMOS sensor camera. It’s versatility appeals to both photographers and videographers.

Sony A7R

Sony Alpha a7R

The Sony Alpha A7R DSLR is a lightweight, 36.4MP, full-frame CMOS sensor camera and it was one of the first mirrorless cameras on the market.

Sony A7R II

Sony Alpha a7R II

The Sony A7R II is a lightweight, 42MP, full-frame CMOS sensor camera. It’s high megapixel photos are fantastic when a very large print is required.

Sony A7R IV

Sony Alpha a7R IV

The Sony A7R IV is a lightweight, 61MP, full-frame CMOS sensor camera. Its high megapixel photos are fantastic when a very large print is required.

Sony A7R V

Sony Alpha a7R V

Combining resolution and precision, the Sony a7R V is a mirrorless camera designed for those who crave detail.

Sony Alpha a7S

Sony Alpha a7S

With a unique 12-megapixel 35mm sensor, the Sony A7S is able to shoot in very low light with impressive high ISO performance up to ISO 409,600!

Sony FE 16-35mm f/2.8 GM Lens

Sony FE 16-35mm f/2.8 GM Lens

A fast and flexible wide-angle zoom, the Sony FE 16-35mm f/2.8 GM Lens is a wide-angle zoom designed for full-frame E-mount mirrorless cameras.

Sony Vario-Tessar FE 16-35mm f4 ZA OSS Lens

Sony FE 16-35mm f/4 ZA OSS Lens

The Sony Zeiss FE 16-35mm F4 ZA OSS is a constant maximum aperture wide-angle zoom lens for Sony FE mount, announced by Sony on September 15, 2014.

Sony FE 24-105mm f/4 G OSS Lens

The Sony FE 24-105mm f/4 G OSS Lens is a constant maximum aperture wide-angle zoom lens for Sony FE mount.

Sony FE 90mm f2.8 Macro G OSS Lens

Sony FE 90mm f/2.8 Macro G OSS Lens

The Sony FE 90mm F2.8 Macro G OSS (SEL-90M28G, VX9118) is a full-frame macro lens for the Sony E-mount, announced by Sony on March 4, 2015.

Echinocereus dasyacanthus Engelm., Golden rainbow hedgehog, Spiny Hedgehog Cactus, Spiny hedgehog cactus, Texas rainbow cactus, Yellow Pitaya

Spiny Hedgehog Cactus

The Spiny Hedgehog cactus is oval at first, soon becoming cylindrical, and grows to 15 inches or so, with a 4-inch diameter.

Big Bend State Park, Cactus Flowers, Contrabando Trail, Echinocereus stramineus, Strawberry Hedgehog Cactus, Strawberry hedgehog cactus

Strawberry Hedgehog Cactus

Strawberry Hedgehog Cactus has purple-red flowers are 4–5 inches tall and 3–4 inches across. They are dark red at the base, fading to rose at the tips.

Sunflower Goldeneye

Sunflower Goldeneye

The Sunflower Goldeneye grows in colonies to be 3-6 ft tall. Its numerous yellow, 1 1/2 in., daisy-like flowers appear at the tips of long, slender, leafless stalks.

Hibiscus grandiflorus, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Large-flowered hibiscus, Pink swamp hibiscus, Swamp rose-mallow

Swamp Rose-Mallow

The five pink petals of Swamp Rose-Mallow flowers each have a red to purple center, are 4-6 in. long, and surround many stamens.

Convolvulus equitans, Convolvulus hermannioides, Convolvulus simulans, St. Edwards Park, Texas Bindweed

Texas Bindweed

Texas Bindweed is found in sandy, loamy or rocky soils in the South Texas Plains and the Edwards Plateau area.

Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Texas Bluebonnet

Texas Bluebonnet

These stems of the Texas Bluebonnet are topped by clusters of up to 50 fragrant, blue, pea-like flowers. The tip of the cluster is white.

Focus Stacking, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Texas Gayfeather, Texas Wildflowers

Texas Gayfeather

The purple Texas Gafeather flowers are densely congested in a long spike on the upper part of the stem. The leaves are narrow and crowded.

Castilleja indivisa, Entireleaf Indian Paintbrush, Indian Paintbrush, McKinney Falls State Park, Scarlet Paintbrush, Texas Indian Paintbrush, Texas Paintbrush

Texas Paintbrush

One of the popular paintbrushes, this Texas Paintbrush grows 6-16 in. high. Its several unbranched stems form clumps topped by bright-red, paintbrush-like spikes.

LBJ Wildflower Center, Lindheimer daisy, Lindheimera texana, Texas Star, Texas Yellow-star, Texas Yellowstar

Texas Star

Texas star plants have 1 to several flower heads in a cluster. Each flower head has 5 bright yellow ray flowers, each with 2 prominent veins and indented at the tip.

Erodium texanum A. Gray, Mayfield Nature Preserve, Stork's Bill, Texas stork's bill

Texas Stork’s Bill

Texas storks-bill or fillaree is a low-growing plant. Its long-stalked, oval leaves, with three rounded lobes, form an initial rosette close to the ground.

Bird Blind, CITE2, Carduus austrinus, Cirsium texanum Buckley, Cirsium texanum var. stenolepis, Pedernales Falls State Park, Texas Thistle

Texas Thistle

The Texas thistle grows 2-5 feet tall, sparingly branched near the top. The leaves are 4-9 inches long and smaller on the upper third.

The 500 Rule

During long night sky exposures the starts appear to be moving across the sky due to the earth’s rotation. This causes what are most commonly referred to as “star trails”. Sometimes this is a desired effect but most often we try to eliminate them where possible. Especially when photographing the Milky Way. For this reason, The 500 Rule was created.

Beaked yucca, Thompson Yucca, Thompson's Yucca, Thompson's yucca, Yucca thompsoniana Trel.

Thompson Yucca

Thompson’s yucca grows 6–12 feet high, treelike, with a trunk 5–8 inches in diameter. The trunk is usually unbranched.

Allionia incarnata, Ernst Tinaja, Flowers, Pink Windmills, Trailing Allionia, Trailing Four O'Clock, Trailing Windmills

Trailing Windmills

The orchid-colored trailing four-o’clock is a vine that grows along the ground; the plant can be 10 feet across.

Big Bend National Park, Focus Stacking, Hot Springs Trail, Texas Wildflowers

Trans-pecos Senna

The Trans-Pecos Senna grows only in Big Bend National Park. The plant thrives in a desert habitat, and prefers gravelly soil.

Big Bend National Park, Flowers

Tree Cholla

Tree cholla grows tall and upright, sometimes bushy but usually treelike, Large, showy flowers open out wide and are reddish-purple in color.

Astragalus nuttallianus var. imperfectus, Big Bend National Park, Turkey Peas, Turkeypeas

Turkey Peas

Turkey Peas is a species of milkvetch. It is native to the southwestern and south-central United States and northern Mexico, where it can be found in many types of habitat

Brushland Shrubverbena, Lantana Macropoda, Mexican marjoram, Veinyleaf lantana

Verbenaceae (Verbena Family)

The Verbenaceae, the verbena family or vervain family, is a family of mainly tropical flowering plants and includes 32 genera and 800 species.

Vixen Optics Polarie Star Tracker

Vixen Optics Polarie Star Tracker

The Vixen Optics Polarie Star Tracker is a device used to photograph the night sky with increased detail. The device tracks along the earth’s rotation.

Big Bend National Park, Calylophus heartwegii, Oenothera hartwegii, Western Evening Primrose

Western Evening Primrose

A somewhat upright and bushy plant with narrow leaves and soft yellow cup flowers that open in the evening and close the next afternoon shortly before new flowers open.

Solanum dimidiatum, St. Edwards Park, Western Horse-Nettle, Western horsenettle

Western Horse-Nettle

The leaves, petioles and branched stems of western horse nettle have sharp spines. Its flowers are purple to violet (sometimes white) and grow at the tip in terminal clusters.

Ruellia occidentalis, Ruellia strictopaniculata, Ruellia tuberosa var. occidentalis, Western Wild Petunia, uellia nudiflora var. occidentalis

Western Wild Petunia

The Western Wild Petunia’s claim to fame is its lovely violet flower trumpets, a hummingbird favorite! This rare plant is perfect for dry, hot locations.

Butterfly Gaura, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Lindheimer's Beeblossom, Lindheimer's Gaura, Oenothera lindheimeri, Texas Wildflowers, White Gaura

White Gaura

An upright to widely spreading, soft-hairy, 2-5 ft. perennial with delicate white flowers in elongated terminal and axillary clusters.

Acacia constricta, Big Bend National Park, Sierra Del Chino, Vachellia constricta, Vachellia constricts, Whitethorn Acacia

Whitethorn Acacia

The Whitethorn Acacia is a 9-15 ft., multi-trunked tree with small, yellow-orange balls of fragrant flowers and finely segmented, pinnate leaves which fall off during dry seasons.

Double-banded Bycid, LBJ Wildflower Center, Rattlesnake-weed, Sphaenothecus bivittata Dupont - Sphaenothecus bivittatus

Wild Carrot

Wild carrot blooms in flat clusters; when flowers pass, pedicels turn upward into a bird’s nest; when seeds ripe, spreads open again facilitating adhesion to passing animals.

ALCAC, Allium acetabulum, Allium canadense var. ovoideum, Allium canadense var. robustum, Allium continuum, Bull Creek, Canada onion, Meadow garlic, Wild Onion, Wild onion

Wild Onion

Wild onion grows 8–24 inches tall. It has 2 leaves, sometimes more, that are shorter than the flower stem. The flowers are in a round, compact cluster, 1–1 1/2 inches in diameter.

Wild Poinsettia

The dwarf poinsettia has green stems and alternate-lobed leaves, The terminal flowers are yellowish with 1-2 small glands or nectaries.

Chamaesaracha villosa, Shaggy False Nightshade, TransPecos five eyes, Woolly false nightshade

Woolly false nightshade

Wooly False Nightshade is a member of the nightshade family, known commonly as five eyes. They are native to the southwestern and western US and parts of Mexico.

Acleisanthes wrightii (A. Gray) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Hemsl., Wright's Trumets

Wright’s Trumpets

The species name of this plant is for Charles Wright, 1811-1885, world-wide botanical collector but mainly in Texas (1837-1952), Cuba and his native Connecticut.

Big Bend National Park, Esperanza, Flowers, Tecoma stans, Trumpetbush, Trumpetflower, Yellow Bells, Yellow elder, Yellow trumpetbush, Yellow trumpetflower, Yellowbells

Yellow Bells

Esperanza or Yellow bells is an irregularly shaped, deciduous shrub, normally 3-6 ft. tall in the US but more southerly varieties can reach 9 ft.

Blazingstar, Eucnide bartonioides Zucc.
Rock-nettle, Loasaceae, Yellow Rocknettle, Yellow rocknettle, Yellow stingbush

Yellow Rocknettle

Yellow rocknettle can be found in the rock ledges all along the Rio Grande, including those on the trail to the historical Hot Springs in Big Bend National Park

Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center

Yellow Waterlily

The Yellow Waterlily is an aquatic plant with bright yellow flowers and floating leaves. The lovely flowers are open from midday to late afternoon.

Creosote Bush, Creosote bush, Governadora, Greasewood, Guamis, Hediondilla, Larrea tridentata

Zygophyllaceae (Creosote-Bush Family)

Zygophyllaceae is a family of flowering plants that contains the bean-caper and caltrop. The family includes around 285 species in 22 genera.